Unit 6

Topic: Economy of Ukraine

Grammar: The Continuous Tenses. Participle I.

I. Read the following words

Natural, resources, minerals, satisfy, energy, structure, considerable , chemical, emphasis, process, equipment, husbandry, wheat, variety, widespread, dairy, interrelated, assertion, centralized, sugar, budget, commercial, privatization, medium.

II. Read and translate the following text

Economy of Ukraine

Ukraine is an agro-industrial country.

Ukraine is rich in natural resources. The main minerals are iron ore, coal, rock salt cement, gypsum uranium, different metals and other natural resources .

Ukraine fully satisfies its needs in minerals but it still has to import some of them. So, oil and gas are imported from Russia and Turkmenistan as the oil and gas deposits of Ukraine cannot satisfy country’s needs in these energy resources.

In the current structure of Ukraine’s industry a great proposition is occupied by heavy industry, especially, the iron, and steel, machine-building and coal industries.

A considerable part is played by the food, light and chemical industries.

Defence industry is being restructured and converted with emphasis on the output of consumer goods.

However, today’s industries are unable to satisfy the consumers’ wants because they are not integrated into the world process of economic , technological and scientific progress. The national industries have low standard in processing raw material and outdated and worn-out production equipment.

Ukraine is one of the world’s most productive farming regions and is known as ”Europe’s granary”.

There are two main branches of agricultural production in Ukraine : crop production and animal husbandry.

Among the crops grown in Ukraine are sugar beet, wheat, rye, barley, oats, corn, sunflower, a large variety of grain cultures, fruit and vegetables.

The most widespread branches of animal husbandry are dairy and beef cattle breeding and pig raising.

Two interrogated processes characterize Ukraine’s economy today, namely its assertion as that of an independent state, and its transition from planned-centralized to market-controlled.

Ukraine has currently achieved macroeconomic stability. Prices, domestic and foreign trade have been liberalized. An austere monetary policy has been introduced. Tax and budget systems are also being reformed. A twin-level banking structure took shape: the National Bank of Ukraine, and commercial banks of all types and forms of property .

”Small-scale” privatization is nearly completed in Ukraine today. Privatization has sped up for large and medium size enterprises, including enterprises in the agro-industrial sector.

Ukraine’s foreign policy is aimed at wide and long-term co-operation. Ukraine is acting on the assumption that this is the most effective way of solving not only economic but also political problems.

Comments

1. to be rich in smth – бути багатим на щось

2. iron and steel industry – чорна металургія

3. outdated and worn-out equipment – застаріле та спрацьоване обладнання

4. Europe’s granary – житниця Європи

5. crop production – рослинництво

6. animal husbandry – тваринництво

7. dairy and beef cattle breeding – розведення молочної та м’ясної худоби

8. pig raising – свинарство

9. transition from planned-centralized to market-controlled – перехід від планово-централізованої до ринково – регульованої

10. austere monetary policy – жорстка монетарна політика

11. twin-level banking structure – дворівнева банківська система

12. to speed up – прискорювати

13. to aim at smth – націлювати на щось

14. wide and long-term co-operation – широкомасштабне і довго­строкове співробітництво

15. on the assumption – виходячи з припущення

III. Find the Ukrainian equivalents in the right-hand column for the following

1. is rich in natural resources            1. з особливою увагою на 

                                                                        випуск

2. to satisfy needs                                        2. найпоширеніші галузі

3. energy resources                                 3. велика різноманітність      

                                                                  зернових культур

4. a considerable part                               4. внутрішня та зовнішня торгівля

5. defence industry                                   5. широкомасштабне і довгострокове

                                                                     співробітництво

6. with emphasis on the output           6. дворівнева банківська система

7. consumer goods                                       7. досягла макроекономічної

                                                                стабільності

8. the world’s process of economic         8.найпродуктивніший 

technological and scientific progress         фермерський район

9. in processing raw materials              9. застаріле та спрацьоване

                                                                           обладнання

10. outdated and worn-out production         10. споживчі товари

11. the most productive farming region 11. оборонна промисловість

12. crop production                               12. енергетичні ресурси

13. animal husbandry                                13. багата на природні ресурси

14. a large variety of grain cultures         14. значна частина

15. the most widespread branches         15. в обробці сировини

16. achieved macroeconomic stability         16. рослинництво

17. domestic and foreign trade           17. тваринництво

18. a twin-level banking system                 18. задовольняти потреби

19. wide and long-term                     19. всесвітній процес

cooperation                                               економічного, технічного та

                                                             наукового прогресу

IV. Complete the following sentences

1. The main mineral s in Ukraine are ... . 2. Ukraine has to import such minerals as ... . 3. Defence industry is being ... . 4. Today’s industries are unable to satisfy the consumers’ wants because ... . 5. Ukraine is one of the world’s most productive farming regions and is known as ... . 6. The main branches of agricultural production in Ukraine are ... . 7. The most widespread branches of animal husbandry are ... . 8. Ukraine’s foreign policy is aimed ... .

V. Say if it is right

1. Ukraine is rich in iron ore, coal gas and oil. 2. Ukraine fully satisfies its needs in minerals. 3. The main industries are heavy industry, the iron and steel, machine building and coal industries. 4. The national industry has low standard in processing raw materials. 5. An austere monetary policy has been introduced. 6. Small-scale privatization has been completed in Ukraine. 7. Wide and long-term co-operation is the most effective way of solving not only economic but also political problems.

VI. Fill in the blanks with the words given below

1. Ukraine is _____ country. 2. Ukraine fully _____ its needs in minerals but it still has to _____ some of them. 3. In the current structure of Ukraine’s industry a great proportion is _____ by heavy industry. 4. Defence industry is being _____ and ____ with the emphasis on the output of _____ goods. 5. Tax and budget systems are being _____ . 6. ”Small-seal” privatization is nearly _____ in Ukraine. 7. A _____ banking structure took shape.

agro-industrial, twin-level, convert, reconstruct, satisfy, consumer , occupy, reform, complete, import.

VII. Answer the following questions

1. What natural resources is Ukraine rich in?

2. Why does Ukraine have to import oil and gas?

3. What industries are highly developed in Ukraine?

4. Why are today’s industries unable to satisfy the consumers’ wants?

5. What are the two branches of agricultural production?

6. What crops are grown in Ukraine?

7. What are the branches of animal husbandry?

8. What characterizes Ukraine’s economy today?

9. What reforms have been made in the banking system?

10. What can you say about privatization?

11. What is Ukraine’s foreign policy aimed at?

12. What is the most effective way of solving both economic and political problems?

VIII. Speak on the topic ”Economy of Ukraine”

Grammar

Participle I. The Continuous Tenses.

I. Form Participle I (Present Participle) of the following verbs

Pattern: to draw – drawing

to write – writing

To speak, to study, to ski, to live, to produce, to provide, to love, to develop, to show, to solve, to pay.

II. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the functions of Participle I

a) 1. I came up to the students discussing their time-table. 2. Do you know the teacher speaking to our students? 3. This is a big factory producing textile machinery. 4. The students learning English are in the phonetic study.

b) 1. Speaking on the topic ”Great Britain” the teacher showed many pictures. 2. While studying a foreign language students learn new words. 3. Writing the text we used our dictionaries. 4. Translating the article, we discussed the variants.

c) 1. The students are writing their tests. 2. Ann is reading an economic article. 3. Are you learning business? 4. Ukraine is developing its economic contacts.

III. State the functions in Participle I

1. I don’t remember the name of the man standing near the window. 2. Those girls coming into the reading-hall are students of our group. 3. Studying foreign languages the people enrich their native language. 4. They are discussing a very important problem.

IV. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative

1. He is drawing. 2. She is playing chess. 3. I am watching television. 4. The girl is singing. 5. They are working. 6. We are having talks. 7. Mr. Brown is writing a letter. 8. We are learning English.

V. Use the Present Continuous instead of the Infinitive in brackets

1. He (not to work), he (to watch) the TV program. 2. Kitty (to finish) her porridge. 3. Look, the sun (to rise). 4. John (to polish) his boots and his sister (to press) her dress. 5. It (to rain)? Yes, it (to rain) very hard. 6. The delegation (to leave) Moscow tomorrow. 7. Somebody (to talk) in the next room. 8. Who (to make) such a noise? 9. What you (to read) now? 10. The weather is fine. The sun (to shine) and the birds (to sing). 11. Somebody (to knock) at the door. 12. You (to go) anywhere tonight? 13. Why you (to speak) so fast? You (to make) a lot of mistake. 14. Who you (to wait for)? 15. I can’t hear what they (to talk) about.

VI. Use the verbs given in brackets in the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous tenses

1. Why you (to work) so fast today? You usually (to walk) quite slowly. – I (to hurry), I am afraid to miss the train. 2. Cuckoos (not to build) nests. They (to use) the nests of other birds. 3. I always (to buy) lottery tickets but I seldom (to win). 4. You can’t have the book now because my brother (to read) it. 5. Some people (to do) everything with their left hand. 6. Who (to make) the terrible noise? - It’s my son. 7. How you (to feel)? 8. Switch on the light. It (to get) dark. 9. You (to understand) the rule? 10. The sun (to set) late in summer. 11. What you (to look for) ? - We (to look for) our grandmother spectacles. 12. I (not to know) what he (to want). 13. What time she (to come) here as a rule? 14. Look, snow still (to fall). 15. It often (to rain) in October.

VII. Translate the following sentences into English . Pay attention to the use of the Present Continuous to express an action in the near future

1. Ми зараз дуже заклопотані, оскільки ми від’їжджаємо завтра . 2. Поїзди відходять і прибувають через 5 хвилин. 3. Делегація англійських вчителів прилітає (to arrive by plane) сьогодні ввечері до Києва. 4. Моя сестра приїжджає в суботу. Я мушу її зустріти. 5. В понеділок я складаю іспит з історії Англії. 6. Студенти скла­дають екзамени два рази на рік. 7. Моя подруга влаштовує сьогодні вечірку. 8. Коли вони влаштовують вечірку, вони, як правило, запрошують всю нашу родину.

VIII. Translate into English using the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous

1. Студенти складають екзамени. Не здіймайте галасу в ко­ридорі. 2. Ви чуєте шум у коридорі? 3. Зачекайте хвилину, вони зараз вечеряють. 4. Послухайте, в сусідній кімнаті хтось плаче. 5. Восени птахи відлітають до теплих країн, а весною повертаються знову. 6. Кого ти чекаєш? – Я чекаю свою подругу. 7. Маленькі діти їдять 4-5 разів на день. 8. Кажуть, що він повертається завтра.

IX. Make these sentences negative and interrogative

1. Ann was going home. 2. It was raining all day yesterday. 3. I was staying in Kyiv in summer. 4. I was reading a book when my friend came. 5. They were writing a letter at six. 6. I was having dinner at that time. 7. We were coming home.

X. Use the Past Continuous instead of the infinitive in brackets

1. He (to sit) in a cafe when I saw him. 2. The two men (to discuss) something when I interrupted them. 3. She (to go) to the plant when I met her. 4. I (to write) a letter when you phoned me yesterday. 5. What you (to do) when he came? 6. I (to swim) when I saw a boat. 7. She (to cook dinner) when I came in.

XI. Translate the following

1. Вчора ввечері йшов дощ, тому я залишився вдома. 2. Він телефонував мені, коли ми вечеряли. 3. Сонце сідало за гори, коли я підійшов до села. 4. Петро питав, коли я ввійшов. 5. Я не працював увечері. 6. Ми розмовляли про Джіммі, коли він вбіг до кімнати. 7. Елісон та Енні розмовляли на східцях.

XII. Make these sentences negative and interrogative

1. We shall be waiting for you at the cinema the whole day long. 2. He will be writing a text at 10 o’clock. 3. It will be raining all day. 4. He will be delivering a lecture from 5 to 6. 5. The students will be working in the laboratory at 12. 6. I shall be teaching her to skate from 6 to 7. 7. We shall be passing our examination tomorrow at 12.

XIII. Use the Future Continuous instead of the infinitive in brackets

1. You (to do) your homework at 5 o’clock. 2. Where the man (to sit) at that time? 3. What he (to do)? 4. The sun (to shine) at noon. 5. We (to translate) this text from 5 to 6. 6. What you (to do) tomorrow at 6? 7. We (to play) tennis the whole morning tomorrow.

XIV. Translate the following:

1. Коли ви прийдете до мене, я буду працювати в лабораторії. 2. Я буду відпочивати в цей час. 3. Він гратиме в шахи з 8 до 9. 4. Ми будемо чекати на вас весь вечір. 5. В неділю о п’ятій годині я допоможу вам.

XV. Use the Past Continuous or the Future Continuous instead of the Infinitives in brackets

1. When I got back they (to have) supper. 2. When I get back they (to have) supper. 3. At ten o’clock he still (to sleep), and we had to wake him. 4. Don’t come at ten, I’m sure he still (to sleep). 5. I was late for the meeting. When I entered they (to discuss) what slogans to make for the demonstration. 6. We (to wait) for you at the metro station . Don’t be late. 7. I always prepare my lessons in the morning; so tomorrow morning I (to do) the same. 8. Can you tell me what you (to do) at eight o’clock? I couldn’t get you on the tomorrow.

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