Ýêîíîìèêî-ïðàâîâàÿ áèáëèîòåêà
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Ýêîíîìèêî-ïðàâîâàÿ áèáëèîòåêà |
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| Ó÷åáíèêîâ â áèáëèîòåêå - 334 Èùèòå æå ïðåæäå Öàðñòâà Áîæèÿ è ïðàâäû Åãî, è ýòî âñå ïðèëîæèòñÿ âàì. (Ìàòô.6:33) | |
Topic: We study a foreign language.
Grammar:
modal verbs
Foreign, language, German, during, century, Danish, influence, Norman, Latin, reason, interesting, politics, science, learning, native, tongue, flexible, knowledge, ancient, occupy, period, conquer, servant, pronunciation, throughout, impose, commence, desire.
The students of our Institute study one of four foreign languages. I
studied English at school so I’m going to perfect it at the Institute. But my
friend Galina studies German, and Natasha studies French.
The total number of languages in the world is about 5000. The most
widespread languages are Chinese, English, Spanish, Russian and others. These
languages are alive, i.e. they are in use. In addition to these, there are
”dead” languages which are no more means of communication. There are old Greek,
Latin, Old Slavonic. There is also a number of artificial or universal or world
languages. The world-known artificial language is Esperanto. There are also
programming languages that are used in computers. These are specialized languages.
English is one of the richest languages and spoken practically all over
the world. But the language itself has a long history of development.
The ancient inhabitants of Great Britain were the Celts. The language
then was not like the English of today. Only a few their words remained in the
language now, spoken by the English people. Then G.B. was occupied by the Romans.
The Roman period of British history lasted 465 years. The Romans brought a few Roman
words into the English: Street, Lincoln, Doncaster and some other names. Then the
Saxons came and settled down in the land they conquered. These Germans were the
founders of the English nation. By and by came other Germanic tribes who settled on
different parts of the coast. Among these tribes were people called the Angles. When
the Angles and Saxons grew into one, they were called Anglo-Saxons or Angles (English).
The general name they gave to the country in which they had settled was England. The
Saxons as well as the Angles called their speech English.
The Normanns came then. Though the Normanns became the masters of
England and the Saxon became their servants, the Saxons didn’t want to speak their
language and the Normanns had to learn English to make the English people understand
their orders. In this way Anglo-Saxons’ changed a little by the Normanns became
real English language of the future, and that’s why the pronunciation of English
words differs so much from their spelling.
Now English is the mother tongue throughout the continent of North
America (the USA and Canada) in the British Isles, South Africa, Australia and New
Zealand.
For a long time English was the most important of the languages of the
colonial countries in Africa, Asia, Australia and Oceania. English was imposed of
the enslaved nations as the only means of communication. With the growth of national
liberation movement most of the former British colonies have gained their
independence. With the end of the British Empire, English, however, has not lost
it’s dominant position in the former colonies.
English is also the international language of commerce. It is one of
five languages used in the United Nations Organisation. English is studied as a
foreign language in our secondary and higher schools. I am a first year student of State
TAX Service Academy
. I study English. It is one of my favourite subjects.
At our English lessons we learn to speak English. We study
pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar.
I can understand spoken English all right, but I find it difficult to
speak. My great desire is to have a good knowledge of English & to speak English
fluently: I’d like to visit G.B. too.
1. The total number – çàãàëüíà ê³ëüê³ñòü
2. the most widespread languages – íàéïîøèðåí³ø³ ìîâè
3. alive – æèâèé
4. in addition – íà äîäàòîê
5. all over the world – â óñüîìó ñâ³ò³ syn. throughout the world
6. the ancient inhabitants – äðåâí³ æèòåë³
7. to occupy – çàéìàòè
8. to settle down – îñåëèòèñü
9. to conquer – çàõîïëþâàòè
10. that’s why – îñü ÷îìó
11. to differ from – â³äð³çíÿòèñü
12. spelling – ïðàâîïèñ
13. to impose – íàâ’ÿçóâàòè
14. as the only means of communication – ÿê ºäèíèé çàñ³á ñï³ëêóâàííÿ
15. liberation movement – âèçâîëüíèé ðóõ
16. to gain one’s independence – çäîáóòè ñâîáîäó
17. to speak fluently – ðîçìîâëÿòè â³ëüíî
1.
to perfect a language
1. âñåñâ³òíüîâ³äîìà
øòó÷íà ìîâà
2.
the total number of languages
2. ãîñïîäàð³ òà ñëóãè
5.
practically all over the world
4. ì³æíàðîäíà ìîâà êîìåðö³¿
6.
to bring into
(òîðã³âë³)
7.
the founders of the English nation
5. êîëèøí³ êîëîí³¿
8.
to grow into
6. âèâ÷àòè âèìîâó,
ñëîâà, ãðàìàòèêó
9.
the masters and the servants
7. óäîñêîíàëþâàòè ìîâó
10.
in this way
8. çàñîáè ñï³ëêóâàííÿ
11.
the pronunciation differs from the
9. ïðàêòè÷íî â óñüîìó ñâ³ò³
spelling
10. çàãàëüíà ê³ëüê³ñòü ìîâ
12. the growth of national liberation 11. çàñíîâíèêè àíãë³éñüêî¿
movement
íàö³¿
12. òàêèì ÷èíîì
and
grammar
1.
The total number of languages in the world is ... . 2. The most widespread languages
are ... . 3. The world-known artificial language is ... . 4. First G.B. was occupied
by the Romans then by ... . 5. The Saxons called their speech ... . 6. The
pronunciation of English words differs from their ... . 7. Now English is spoken ...
. 8. English is one of five languages used ... . 9. English is studied as a foreign
language in our ... . 10. At our English lessons we study ... .
1. There are alive and dead languages. 2. English is spoken on the American continent only. 3. Chinese is the most wide-spread language. 4. The ancient inhabitants of G.B. were Angles and Saxons. 5. The Roman period lasted 465 years. 6. Germanic tribes were the founders of the English nation. 7. The English people made the Normanns learn their language. 8. English was imposed on the people in the colonial countries. 9. English has not lost its dominant position in the former colonies. 10. English is the international language of commerce and one of five languages used in the United Nations Organisation.
1. The total number ... languages ... the world is ... 5000. 2. There is also a number ... artificial or universal languages. 3. English is one ... the richest languages and spoken practically all ... the world. 4. The Romans brought a few Roman words ... the English. 5. English was imposed ... the enslaved nations as the only means ... communication.
1. What languages do our students study?
2. What is the total number of languages in the world?
3. What are the most widespread languages?
4. What is a ”dead” language?
5. What ”dead” languages do you know?
6. Where are programming languages used?
7. Who were the ancient inhabitants of G.B.?
8. Who was G.B. occupied by?
9. What did the Romans bring into English?
10. Who were the founders of the English nation?
11. Who named the country England?
12. Why did the Normanns have to learn English?
13. What countries is English spoken in?
14. Is English spoken in the former colonies?
15. What fields is English used?
16. Is it studied in this country?
17. What do you do at your English lessons?
1. Jack can run for two hours without a rest. 2. Ann can give you good advice. 3. Ann can speak three languages. 4. You can address the teacher and ask him about his problem. 5. It is raining. You can take my raincoat. 6. Can I help you? 7. Can I ask a question? 8. He can’t be an accountant, he can’t add up.
Patterns: It can be raining today.
Can it be raining today?
It cannot be raining today.
1. He can speak English quite well. 2. It can type this letter for you. 3. She can read English book now. 4. They can do it for you today. 5. We can speak English a little. 6. It can be paid in dollars. 7. It can be cold today. 8. We could offer you advertising materials.
1. Can I reserve a ticket for the 6th of April? 2. Could you tell me how to get to the Ukrainian Institute for Economics and Finance? 3. Can I book a single room from now until Monday? 4. Where can I book a ticket for a train? 5. Where can I exchange money? 6. Can I take a message? 7. Can I speak to Mr. Smith? 8. Could you ask him to call me? 9.We can’t speak about it over the phone. 10. We can sign the contract tomorrow. 11. Can you reduce the time of delivery? 12. Could you speak up the delivery? 13. Could you reduce the price? 14. We can’t allow this situation to continue.
Pattern: Íå ìîæå áóòè, ùîá Åì³ë³ ñêàçàëà öå.
Emily can’t have said it.
1. Íå ìîæå áóòè, ùîá âè öå çðîáèëè.
2. Íå ìîæå áóòè, ùîá âè äàðåìíî ãàÿëè ÷àñ.
3. Íå ìîæå áóòè, ùîá âîíè ïîðóøèëè âàø³ ïëàíè.
4. Íå ìîæå áóòè, ùîá ˳íäà íàñ áà÷èëà.
1. I shall be able to go skiing next weekend. 2. You are able to go swimming. 3. We’ll be able to help you next week. 4. She was able to go to her friend’s place. Will you be able to get there in time?
1. You may go with me. 2. May i sit here. 3. You may ring me up if you need my help. 4. You may open the window if it is hot. 5. You may not smoke here. 6. You may not take the book home. 7. Ann may have taken little money with her. 8. Jack may have been in Kyiv on the 1st of May. 9. You may take a biscuit.
1. May I come in? 2. May I go out? 3. May I have a cup of coffee? 4. May I speak to you now? 5. May I smoke here? 6. May we take this opportunity to congratulate you on your appointment?
1. The weather was fine, the children (walk) in the park. 2. If he (answer) the last question more correctly, he (pass). 3. If you (send) the parcel by air, it (arrive) a week slower than it did.
1. You may break the body, but you cannot break the spirit. 2. A fool may ask more questions than a wise man can answer. 3. One false move may lose game.
1. You must work systematically. 2. He must be attentive at the lessons. 3. You have worked hard all day, you must be tired. 4. He must be waiting for you already. 5. Must I pay in advance? 6. You must pay extra.
Nick: We are having a meeting at the Institute, Mary. Will you come?
Mary: Thanks. I’d like to come but I have lectures in the afternoon. Must I come at 4 o’clock?
Nick: Oh no, you needn’t come at four, you mustn’t be too late on all the best cakes will be eaten.
Mary: But I must go home first to put on another frock.
Nick: Oh, you needn’t do that. You will be late if you do. The frock you are wearing is very nice.
Mary: Oh, yes, I must change my frock, but you needn’t worry, I shan’t be very late, I’ll be there by half past four.
1. Students often have to work at the laboratory after classes. 2. To ny had to take entrance exams in August. 3. You will have to come here twice a week. 4. She had to spend a lot of money on books. 5. They had to stay there for a long time. 6. Ann always has to get up early. 7. He has to work hard at his pronunciation. 8. Lucy has to help her little brother and sister to prepare their lessons. 9. You will have to join some sports society. 10. She has to clean the flat herself.
1. The buses were too full, I ... get a taxi. 2. Railway notice: Passengers ... be in possession of a ticket. 3. You ... read this book. It’s really excellent. 4. She felt ill and ... leave early. 5. Tell them that they ... be here by six. I insist on it.
1. I am to make report next week. 2. We were to meet our friends at the station. 3. The students are to come for the consultation at 3. 4. He is to make his report at next seminar.
What were your instructions about phoning Bill? I was to phone him at 6.00.
What were your instructions about ... 1. Reporting? 2. Posting the documents? 3. Meeting George? 4. Contacting Willy? 5. Learning?
1. They ought to pay us the money they owe. 2. We ought to meet and discuss the forms of cancelling our agreement. 3. He should visit Head office. 4. It should be a nice day tomorrow. 5. You should be more careful. 6. They were taught to solve such problems, so they ought to know how to do it.
1. If you don’t know the meaning of the word you ... use a dictionary. 2. Years ago I ... swim well. 3. ... you help me with my homework? Yes, I ... . 4. You ... see the new musical on Broadway. 5. The matter ... be discussed in tomorrow’s debate. 6. They ... do all the exercises; it will be sufficient if they do four of them. 7. He’s tired. He ... work hard. 8. You ... keep that book. It doesn’t belong to you. 9. ... I get a visa? 10. Do I ... to fill a lot of forms? 11. She was feeling unwell yesterday; she have gone to the Institute. 12. I’ll ... to go to the supermarket. 13. ... you pass the cheese?
1. Âè ìîæåòå ä³ñòàòèñÿ äî ³íñòèòóòó íà ìåòðî? ͳ. 2. Âè íå ìîãëè á ïåðåäàòè ìåí³ öüîãî ä³ëîâîãî ëèñòà? 3. Âîíà, ìàáóòü, ìàëî ïðàöþâàëà ïðîòÿãîì ñåìåñòðó, òîìó òàê ïîãàíî ñêëàëà åêçàìåíè. 4. Âàì í³÷îãî õâèëþâàòèñü. 5. Âàì íåìຠíåîáõ³äíîñò³ ðîáèòè öå. 6. Ìîæëèâî, âîíà ìåí³ â÷îðà äçâîíèëà. 7. Ìîæëèâî, âè çàê³í÷èëè ïèñàòè ñòàòòþ. 8. Ìåí³ ïîòð³áíî çàòåëåôîíóâàòè ì³ñòåðó Ôëîíó. 9. Âçÿòè ç ñîáîþ ïàðàñîëþ? ͳ, öå íå ïîòð³áíî. Äîùó, ìàáóòü, íå áóäå. 10. Âàì òðåáà áóòè óâàæí³øèì íà ëåêö³ÿõ. 11. Âè ìîãëè á ìåíå ïîïåðåäèòè ðàí³øå ïðî òå, ùî ñòàëîñü. 12. Âàì íå ñë³ä áóëî ãóëÿòè ï³ä äîùåì. Òåïåð âàì äîâåäåòüñÿ ïðîâåñòè ê³ëüêà äí³â óäîìà.
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